¹ jag mu world: इस ~ में in this ~ ; ~ -जीवन God, the life of the Universe; ~ -बीती others' tale [as opposed to आपबीती q. v.]; -- हँसाई public ridicule. [see जगत् which is more common, syn. संसार, दुनिया]

² jaṛ a (a) inert, inanimate [जगत् world, पदार्थ objects, प्रकृति nature] [ant. चेतन]. (b) stupid, idiot [also जड़बुद्धि].

= जाति-पाँति q. v.

jan-samūh mc crowd, multitude: भारी ~ big --.

¹ jant·rī fc an instrument for drawing wire; सुनार की ~ goldsmith's --; ~ से तार निकलना to draw wire from this instrument.

jān·nā-pah·chān·- nā vt to know and recognize, to know well: मैं उसे जानता-पहचानता हूँ he/she is acquainted with me, I know him/her well. [see जानना]

jag·nā vi (a) to wake up, to be awake: वह जग गई है she has woken up. [= जागना which is more common]. (b) to kindle: दीये जग उठे lamps kindled up. [= जलना which is more common]. [vt जगाना, n. जाग]

jan-mat mu public opinion, plebiscite: ~ द्वारा निश्चय करना to determine by --; ~ का

jallād mc (a) hangman, executioner: ~ उसे फाँसी के तख़्ते पर ले गये the --s took him to the scaffold. (b) (fig.) cruel/merciless person: तुम तो ~ हो you are a --, indeed.

jīvan-charit mu/c biography, life-history: गाँधी (तुलसी, राम) का ~ -- of Gandhi (Tulsi, Ram); उनके ~ से from his --.