= जाति-पाँति q. v.

jāp mc = जप q. v.

jild fc binding [कपड़े की cloth, चमड़े की leather]; किताब की ~ बाँधना, किताब पर ~ चढ़ाना to bind a book; ~ वाली पुस्तक bound book; बिना ~ की पुस्तक unbound book.

jīvan-avadhi fu life span: उसकी ~ इतनी ही थी his -- was only so much.

jãch·nā vi 1. to be examined/checked: हिसाब जँच गया the account was examined/checked. 2. to appeal, to look attractive: यह राय जँच गई this opinion looked attractive; वह कपड़ा नहीं जँचा that cloth did not appeal.

jyotiṣ mu (a) astronomy: ~ दूरदर्शी astronomical telescope; ~ घड़ी astronomical clock; (b) astrology: ~ लगाना to foretell by --.

jvālā fc blaze; अग्नि की ~ -- of fire. [syn. लपट]

jaṭil a intricate, complicated [कथा tale/story, कार्य job, प्रश्न question, समस्या problem].

jātīy a (a) national [नीति ethics, प्रश्न question]. (b) racial [एकता unity, घृणा hatred, भेदभाव discrimination].

jabar mc oppression: किसी पर ~ करना to oppress smb; ~ करने वाला oppressor.